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open in:
MacOS 8.1
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Win98
|
DOS
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view JSON data
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view as text
This file was processed as: Mailbox/MIME Entity
(archive/mbox).
Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
---|
100%
| dexvert
| Newsgroup Content (archive/news)
| magic
| Supported |
100%
| dexvert
| Mailbox/MIME Entity (archive/mbox)
| magic
| Supported |
100%
| dexvert
| Internet Message Format (text/imf)
| magic
| Supported |
1%
| dexvert
| Text File (text/txt)
| fallback
| Supported |
100%
| file
| news, ASCII text
| default
| |
100%
| checkBytes
| Printable ASCII
| default
| |
100%
| dexmagic
| PrintFox/Pagefox WEAK
| default
| |
100%
| perlTextCheck
| Likely Text (Perl)
| default
| |
100%
| siegfried
| fmt/950 MIME Email (1.0)
| default
| |
100%
| detectItEasy
| Format: plain text[LF]
| default (weak)
| |
100%
| xdgMime
| message/news
| default
|
|
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 50 61 74 68 3a 20 63 72 | 6c 31 31 2e 63 72 6c 2e |Path: cr|l11.crl.|
|00000010| 63 6f 6d 21 6c 72 65 65 | 76 65 73 0a 46 72 6f 6d |com!lree|ves.From|
|00000020| 3a 20 4c 65 73 20 52 65 | 65 76 65 73 20 3c 6c 72 |: Les Re|eves <lr|
|00000030| 65 65 76 65 73 40 63 72 | 6c 31 31 2e 63 72 6c 2e |eeves@cr|l11.crl.|
|00000040| 63 6f 6d 3e 0a 4e 65 77 | 73 67 72 6f 75 70 73 3a |com>.New|sgroups:|
|00000050| 20 63 6f 6d 70 2e 64 63 | 6f 6d 2e 6d 6f 64 65 6d | comp.dc|om.modem|
|00000060| 73 2c 63 6f 6d 70 2e 64 | 63 6f 6d 2e 74 65 6c 65 |s,comp.d|com.tele|
|00000070| 63 6f 6d 2e 74 65 63 68 | 0a 53 75 62 6a 65 63 74 |com.tech|.Subject|
|00000080| 3a 20 52 65 3a 20 4d 61 | 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 20 52 |: Re: Ma|king a R|
|00000090| 4a 31 31 20 22 62 75 73 | 79 22 20 70 6c 75 67 0a |J11 "bus|y" plug.|
|000000a0| 44 61 74 65 3a 20 57 65 | 64 2c 20 32 37 20 4d 61 |Date: We|d, 27 Ma|
|000000b0| 72 20 31 39 39 36 20 31 | 34 3a 35 33 3a 35 34 20 |r 1996 1|4:53:54 |
|000000c0| 2d 30 38 30 30 0a 4f 72 | 67 61 6e 69 7a 61 74 69 |-0800.Or|ganizati|
|000000d0| 6f 6e 3a 20 43 52 4c 20 | 44 69 61 6c 75 70 20 49 |on: CRL |Dialup I|
|000000e0| 6e 74 65 72 6e 65 74 20 | 41 63 63 65 73 73 0a 4d |nternet |Access.M|
|000000f0| 65 73 73 61 67 65 2d 49 | 44 3a 20 3c 50 69 6e 65 |essage-I|D: <Pine|
|00000100| 2e 53 55 4e 2e 33 2e 39 | 31 2e 39 36 30 33 32 37 |.SUN.3.9|1.960327|
|00000110| 31 34 30 38 35 30 2e 31 | 32 37 38 36 41 2d 31 30 |140850.1|2786A-10|
|00000120| 30 30 30 30 40 63 72 6c | 31 31 2e 63 72 6c 2e 63 |0000@crl|11.crl.c|
|00000130| 6f 6d 3e 0a 52 65 66 65 | 72 65 6e 63 65 73 3a 20 |om>.Refe|rences: |
|00000140| 3c 34 69 34 6e 33 6a 24 | 64 67 72 40 62 61 6c 6f |<4i4n3j$|dgr@balo|
|00000150| 6f 2e 70 69 70 65 78 2d | 73 61 2e 6e 65 74 3e 20 |o.pipex-|sa.net> |
|00000160| 3c 34 69 61 62 74 73 24 | 6e 6e 39 40 72 61 66 66 |<4iabts$|nn9@raff|
|00000170| 6c 65 73 2e 74 65 63 68 | 6e 65 74 2e 73 67 3e 20 |les.tech|net.sg> |
|00000180| 3c 34 69 61 67 33 63 24 | 71 61 6d 40 69 63 65 66 |<4iag3c$|qam@icef|
|00000190| 6f 67 2e 70 6f 6c 61 72 | 6e 65 74 2e 63 6f 6d 3e |og.polar|net.com>|
|000001a0| 20 3c 33 31 34 43 32 36 | 41 42 2e 33 45 33 42 40 | <314C26|AB.3E3B@|
|000001b0| 61 63 63 75 74 65 6b 2e | 63 6f 6d 3e 20 3c 34 69 |accutek.|com> <4i|
|000001c0| 70 38 61 6f 24 65 76 72 | 40 6e 65 77 73 32 2e 63 |p8ao$evr|@news2.c|
|000001d0| 61 69 73 2e 63 6f 6d 3e | 20 3c 34 6a 32 30 76 6b |ais.com>| <4j20vk|
|000001e0| 24 62 34 69 40 6e 65 77 | 73 30 32 2e 64 65 6c 74 |$b4i@new|s02.delt|
|000001f0| 61 6e 65 74 2e 63 6f 6d | 3e 20 3c 33 31 35 36 45 |anet.com|> <3156E|
|00000200| 33 39 30 2e 33 39 38 42 | 40 69 6e 74 65 72 73 65 |390.398B|@interse|
|00000210| 72 76 2e 63 6f 6d 3e 0a | 4e 4e 54 50 2d 50 6f 73 |rv.com>.|NNTP-Pos|
|00000220| 74 69 6e 67 2d 48 6f 73 | 74 3a 20 63 72 6c 31 31 |ting-Hos|t: crl11|
|00000230| 2e 63 72 6c 2e 63 6f 6d | 0a 4d 69 6d 65 2d 56 65 |.crl.com|.Mime-Ve|
|00000240| 72 73 69 6f 6e 3a 20 31 | 2e 30 0a 43 6f 6e 74 65 |rsion: 1|.0.Conte|
|00000250| 6e 74 2d 54 79 70 65 3a | 20 54 45 58 54 2f 50 4c |nt-Type:| TEXT/PL|
|00000260| 41 49 4e 3b 20 63 68 61 | 72 73 65 74 3d 55 53 2d |AIN; cha|rset=US-|
|00000270| 41 53 43 49 49 0a 49 6e | 2d 52 65 70 6c 79 2d 54 |ASCII.In|-Reply-T|
|00000280| 6f 3a 20 3c 33 31 35 36 | 45 33 39 30 2e 33 39 38 |o: <3156|E390.398|
|00000290| 42 40 69 6e 74 65 72 73 | 65 72 76 2e 63 6f 6d 3e |B@inters|erv.com>|
|000002a0| 20 0a 0a 0a 0a 4f 6e 20 | 4d 6f 6e 2c 20 32 35 20 | ....On |Mon, 25 |
|000002b0| 4d 61 72 20 31 39 39 36 | 2c 20 56 20 43 20 4c 61 |Mar 1996|, V C La|
|000002c0| 6e 74 20 77 72 6f 74 65 | 3a 0a 0a 3e 20 3e 20 3a |nt wrote|:..> > :|
|000002d0| 20 3e 54 68 65 20 6c 69 | 6e 65 20 63 61 72 64 73 | >The li|ne cards|
|000002e0| 20 69 6e 20 6d 61 6e 79 | 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 65 | in many| switche|
|000002f0| 73 20 6e 6f 77 20 69 6e | 63 6f 72 70 6f 72 61 74 |s now in|corporat|
|00000300| 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e | 74 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 |e curren|t limite|
|00000310| 72 73 0a 3e 20 3e 20 3a | 20 3e 77 68 69 63 68 20 |rs.> > :| >which |
|00000320| 77 69 6c 6c 20 6c 69 6d | 69 74 20 74 68 65 20 22 |will lim|it the "|
|00000330| 6c 6f 6f 70 20 63 75 72 | 72 65 6e 74 22 20 74 6f |loop cur|rent" to|
|00000340| 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 76 61 | 6c 75 65 2c 20 73 75 63 | some va|lue, suc|
|00000350| 68 0a 3e 20 3e 20 3a 20 | 3e 61 73 20 33 35 20 6d |h.> > : |>as 35 m|
|00000360| 61 2e 20 20 54 68 61 74 | 27 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 75 |a. That|'s not u|
|00000370| 6e 69 76 65 72 73 61 6c | 6c 79 20 74 72 75 65 2c |niversal|ly true,|
|00000380| 20 73 6f 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 68 6f 72 74 2d 63 69 | so the |short-ci|
|00000390| 72 63 75 69 74 0a 3e 20 | 3e 20 3a 20 3e 63 75 72 |rcuit.> |> : >cur|
|000003a0| 72 65 6e 74 20 28 69 66 | 20 79 6f 75 20 73 68 6f |rent (if| you sho|
|000003b0| 72 74 20 74 69 70 20 61 | 6e 64 20 72 69 6e 67 29 |rt tip a|nd ring)|
|000003c0| 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 | 61 73 20 68 69 67 68 20 | may be |as high |
|000003d0| 61 73 20 35 30 30 20 6d | 61 2e 2e 2e 2e 0a 3e 20 |as 500 m|a.....> |
|000003e0| 3e 20 3a 20 3e 53 74 65 | 70 68 65 6e 20 53 61 74 |> : >Ste|phen Sat|
|000003f0| 63 68 65 6c 6c 2e 2e 2e | 20 0a 3e 20 3e 20 3a 20 |chell...| .> > : |
|00000400| 45 78 63 75 73 65 20 6d | 65 20 69 66 20 49 20 71 |Excuse m|e if I q|
|00000410| 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 74 68 61 74 2c 20 62 75 |uestion |that, bu|
|00000420| 74 20 70 6c 65 61 73 65 | 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 6f 6e |t please| name on|
|00000430| 65 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 | 0a 3e 20 3e 20 3a 20 66 |e switch|.> > : f|
|00000440| 72 6f 6d 20 61 20 6d 61 | 6a 6f 72 20 6d 61 6e 75 |rom a ma|jor manu|
|00000450| 66 61 63 74 75 72 65 72 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 6c |facturer| that al|
|00000460| 6c 6f 77 73 20 65 76 65 | 6e 20 68 61 6c 66 20 74 |lows eve|n half t|
|00000470| 68 61 74 20 66 6f 72 0a | 3e 20 3e 20 3a 20 6c 6f |hat for.|> > : lo|
|00000480| 6f 70 20 63 75 72 72 65 | 6e 74 2e 0a 3e 20 0a 3e |op curre|nt..> .>|
|00000490| 20 41 20 76 61 6c 69 64 | 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 21 20 | A valid| point! |
|000004a0| 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 66 | 6f 63 75 73 20 6f 6e 20 |If you f|ocus on |
|000004b0| 74 68 65 20 6f 6c 64 20 | 54 65 6c 63 6f 20 66 6f |the old |Telco fo|
|000004c0| 72 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 69 | 63 69 74 79 20 6f 66 20 |r simpli|city of |
|000004d0| 0a 3e 20 63 61 6c 63 75 | 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c |.> calcu|lations,|
|000004e0| 20 68 6f 77 20 63 61 6e | 20 61 20 76 6f 6c 74 61 | how can| a volta|
|000004f0| 67 65 20 73 75 70 70 6c | 79 20 64 65 6c 69 76 65 |ge suppl|y delive|
|00000500| 72 20 61 6e 79 74 68 69 | 6e 67 20 73 6f 20 68 69 |r anythi|ng so hi|
|00000510| 67 68 20 69 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 0a 3e 20 72 65 73 |gh if th|e .> res|
|00000520| 69 73 74 61 6e 63 65 20 | 6f 66 20 66 65 65 64 69 |istance |of feedi|
|00000530| 6e 67 20 63 6f 69 6c 73 | 20 69 73 20 32 20 78 20 |ng coils| is 2 x |
|00000540| 32 30 30 20 4f 68 6d 73 | 20 6f 76 65 72 20 61 20 |200 Ohms| over a |
|00000550| 73 75 62 73 63 72 69 62 | 65 72 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 |subscrib|er line |
|00000560| 77 69 74 68 20 0a 3e 20 | 6e 6f 6e 2d 7a 65 72 6f |with .> |non-zero|
|00000570| 20 44 43 20 72 65 73 69 | 73 74 61 6e 63 65 2c 20 | DC resi|stance, |
|00000580| 61 6e 64 20 69 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 6d 61 78 20 76 |and if t|he max v|
|00000590| 6f 6c 74 61 67 65 20 6f | 66 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 |oltage o|f it is |
|000005a0| 35 36 2e 35 56 44 43 20 | 3f 20 50 65 72 68 61 70 |56.5VDC |? Perhap|
|000005b0| 73 20 0a 3e 20 39 30 6d | 41 20 61 73 20 61 20 6d |s .> 90m|A as a m|
|000005c0| 61 78 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | 6e 79 74 68 69 6e 67 20 |ax and a|nything |
|000005d0| 61 62 6f 76 65 20 69 73 | 20 61 20 66 61 75 6c 74 |above is| a fault|
|000005e0| 79 20 63 6f 6e 64 69 74 | 69 6f 6e 2e 0a 3e 20 0a |y condit|ion..> .|
|000005f0| 3e 20 57 69 74 68 20 6e | 65 77 20 67 65 6e 65 72 |> With n|ew gener|
|00000600| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f | 66 20 43 4f 73 2c 20 74 |ations o|f COs, t|
|00000610| 68 65 20 76 6f 6c 74 61 | 67 65 20 73 75 70 70 6c |he volta|ge suppl|
|00000620| 79 20 69 73 20 73 77 61 | 70 70 65 64 20 77 69 74 |y is swa|pped wit|
|00000630| 68 20 61 20 63 75 72 72 | 65 6e 74 20 0a 3e 20 73 |h a curr|ent .> s|
|00000640| 75 70 70 6c 79 20 74 68 | 75 73 20 65 76 65 6e 20 |upply th|us even |
|00000650| 61 20 70 6c 61 69 6e 20 | 6f 6c 64 20 73 68 6f 72 |a plain |old shor|
|00000660| 74 20 61 63 72 6f 73 73 | 20 54 26 52 20 77 6f 75 |t across| T&R wou|
|00000670| 6c 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 | 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 6d |ld not p|roduce m|
|00000680| 6f 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e | 20 0a 3e 20 34 30 6d 41 |ore than| .> 40mA|
|00000690| 2e 0a 0a 43 65 6e 74 72 | 61 6c 20 6f 66 66 69 63 |...Centr|al offic|
|000006a0| 65 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 | 65 73 20 75 73 65 20 61 |e switch|es use a|
|000006b0| 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 | 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 | current| source |
|000006c0| 74 6f 20 66 65 65 64 20 | 74 68 65 0a 6c 6f 6f 70 |to feed |the.loop|
|000006d0| 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 | 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 63 | current|. This c|
|000006e0| 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 73 | 6f 75 72 63 65 20 69 73 |urrent s|ource is|
|000006f0| 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 | defined| by the |
|00000700| 0a 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 | 6e 67 20 65 71 75 69 76 |.followi|ng equiv|
|00000710| 61 6c 65 6e 74 20 63 69 | 72 63 75 69 74 3a 0a 0a |alent ci|rcuit:..|
|00000720| 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 | 09 0a 09 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |........|...-----|
|00000730| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000740| 2d 2f 5c 2f 5c 2f 5c 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |-/\/\/\-|--------|
|00000750| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2f 5c 2f 5c | 2f 5c 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----/\/\|/\------|
|00000760| 2d 2d 2d 7c 09 0a 09 7c | 09 20 20 20 09 20 20 20 |---|...||. . |
|00000770| 20 20 20 34 30 30 20 4f | 68 6d 09 09 4c 6f 6f 70 | 400 O|hm..Loop|
|00000780| 20 52 65 73 69 73 74 61 | 6e 63 65 09 7c 0a 09 7c | Resista|nce.|..||
|00000790| 09 09 42 61 74 74 65 72 | 79 20 46 65 65 64 20 52 |..Batter|y Feed R|
|000007a0| 65 73 69 73 74 6f 72 09 | 32 35 20 4f 68 6d 20 6d |esistor.|25 Ohm m|
|000007b0| 69 6e 09 5c 09 0a 09 7c | 09 09 09 09 20 20 20 20 |in.\...||.... |
|000007c0| 20 20 31 33 30 30 20 4f | 68 6d 20 6d 61 78 09 2f | 1300 O|hm max./|
|000007d0| 20 54 65 6c 65 70 68 6f | 6e 65 09 0a 20 20 20 20 | Telepho|ne.. |
|000007e0| 20 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 20 09 34 38 20 56 6f 6c | ------| .48 Vol|
|000007f0| 74 20 44 43 09 09 09 09 | 09 5c 20 53 65 74 0a 20 |t DC....|.\ Set. |
|00000800| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2d | 2d 20 20 20 09 43 6f 6e | -|- .Con|
|00000810| 73 74 61 6e 74 20 56 6f | 6c 74 61 67 65 09 09 09 |stant Vo|ltage...|
|00000820| 09 2f 09 20 0a 09 7c 09 | 53 6f 75 72 63 65 09 09 |./. ..|.|Source..|
|00000830| 09 09 09 09 5c 09 0a 09 | 7c 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 |....\...||.......|
|00000840| 7c 0a 09 7c 09 09 09 09 | 09 09 09 7c 09 0a 09 2d ||..|....|...|...-|
|00000850| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000860| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000870| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000880| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 74 65 |--------|..The te|
|00000890| 6c 65 70 68 6f 6e 65 20 | 73 65 74 20 68 61 73 20 |lephone |set has |
|000008a0| 61 20 6e 6f 6d 69 6e 61 | 6c 20 72 65 73 69 73 74 |a nomina|l resist|
|000008b0| 61 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 20 | 61 62 6f 75 74 20 32 30 |ance of |about 20|
|000008c0| 30 20 4f 68 6d 73 2e 20 | 20 0a 48 6f 77 65 76 65 |0 Ohms. | .Howeve|
|000008d0| 72 2c 20 69 74 20 6d 75 | 73 74 20 62 65 20 63 75 |r, it mu|st be cu|
|000008e0| 72 72 65 6e 74 20 6c 69 | 6d 69 74 65 64 20 74 6f |rrent li|mited to|
|000008f0| 20 61 20 6d 61 78 69 6d | 75 6d 20 63 75 72 72 65 | a maxim|um curre|
|00000900| 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 39 30 | 20 6d 41 2e 0a 49 74 20 |nt of 90| mA..It |
|00000910| 61 6c 73 6f 20 6d 75 73 | 74 20 62 65 20 61 62 6c |also mus|t be abl|
|00000920| 65 20 74 6f 20 77 6f 72 | 6b 20 77 69 74 68 20 6c |e to wor|k with l|
|00000930| 6f 6f 70 20 63 75 72 72 | 65 6e 74 73 20 61 73 20 |oop curr|ents as |
|00000940| 6c 6f 77 20 61 73 20 32 | 33 20 6d 41 2e 0a 53 69 |low as 2|3 mA..Si|
|00000950| 6e 63 65 20 61 20 6d 6f | 64 65 72 6e 20 73 77 69 |nce a mo|dern swi|
|00000960| 74 63 68 20 69 73 20 62 | 75 69 6c 74 20 77 69 74 |tch is b|uilt wit|
|00000970| 68 20 61 20 2a 63 75 72 | 72 65 6e 74 2a 20 73 6f |h a *cur|rent* so|
|00000980| 75 72 63 65 2c 20 69 74 | 20 0a 63 61 6e 20 64 65 |urce, it| .can de|
|00000990| 74 65 63 74 20 65 78 63 | 65 73 73 69 76 65 20 6c |tect exc|essive l|
|000009a0| 6f 6f 70 20 63 75 72 72 | 65 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 20 |oop curr|ent and |
|000009b0| 74 75 72 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 6c 6f 6f 70 20 64 6f |turn the| loop do|
|000009c0| 77 6e 20 6f 72 0a 67 65 | 6e 65 72 61 74 65 20 61 |wn or.ge|nerate a|
|000009d0| 20 74 72 6f 75 62 6c 65 | 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 | trouble| message|
|000009e0| 20 66 6f 72 20 73 68 6f | 72 74 65 64 20 6c 6f 6f | for sho|rted loo|
|000009f0| 70 73 2e 0a 0a 4f 68 6d | 73 20 6c 61 77 20 74 65 |ps...Ohm|s law te|
|00000a00| 6c 6c 73 20 79 6f 75 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 |lls you |that the|
|00000a10| 20 73 65 74 27 73 20 72 | 65 73 69 73 74 61 6e 63 | set's r|esistanc|
|00000a20| 65 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 | 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e |e can be| between|
|00000a30| 20 33 35 30 20 6f 68 6d | 73 20 0a 66 6f 72 20 61 | 350 ohm|s .for a|
|00000a40| 20 73 68 6f 72 74 20 6c | 6f 6f 70 2c 20 61 6e 64 | short l|oop, and|
|00000a50| 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 35 | 30 20 6f 68 6d 73 20 66 | about 5|0 ohms f|
|00000a60| 6f 72 20 61 20 6c 6f 6e | 67 20 6c 6f 6f 70 2e 20 |or a lon|g loop. |
|00000a70| 20 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 | 61 72 65 20 0a 6f 6e 20 | If you |are .on |
|00000a80| 61 20 73 68 6f 72 74 20 | 6c 6f 6f 70 2c 20 61 6e |a short |loop, an|
|00000a90| 64 20 79 6f 75 20 65 78 | 63 65 65 64 20 39 30 20 |d you ex|ceed 90 |
|00000aa0| 6d 41 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 |mA, the |current |
|00000ab0| 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 77 |source i|n the sw|
|00000ac0| 69 74 63 68 0a 63 61 6e | 20 67 65 74 20 76 65 72 |itch.can| get ver|
|00000ad0| 79 20 75 70 73 65 74 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 73 70 |y upset.| The sp|
|00000ae0| 65 63 69 66 69 63 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 |ecificat|ion for |
|00000af0| 74 65 6c 65 70 68 6f 6e | 65 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 |telephon|e instru|
|00000b00| 6d 65 6e 74 73 2c 20 0a | 45 49 41 2f 54 49 41 2d |ments, .|EIA/TIA-|
|00000b10| 34 37 30 2d 41 2c 20 73 | 74 61 74 65 73 20 74 68 |470-A, s|tates th|
|00000b20| 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 6e 73 74 72 75 6d 65 6e |at the i|nstrumen|
|00000b30| 74 20 6d 75 73 74 20 6c | 69 6d 69 74 20 63 75 72 |t must l|imit cur|
|00000b40| 72 65 6e 74 20 61 74 20 | 39 30 20 6d 41 2e 20 20 |rent at |90 mA. |
|00000b50| 0a 0a 49 66 20 79 6f 75 | 20 61 72 65 20 6f 6e 20 |..If you| are on |
|00000b60| 61 20 73 68 6f 72 74 20 | 6c 6f 6f 70 2c 20 61 6e |a short |loop, an|
|00000b70| 64 20 79 6f 75 20 75 73 | 65 20 61 20 73 68 6f 72 |d you us|e a shor|
|00000b80| 74 20 63 69 72 63 75 69 | 74 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b |t circui|t to mak|
|00000b90| 65 20 79 6f 75 72 0a 22 | 62 75 73 79 22 20 70 6c |e your."|busy" pl|
|00000ba0| 75 67 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 | 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 65 78 |ug, you |could ex|
|00000bb0| 63 65 65 64 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e |ceed thi|s curren|
|00000bc0| 74 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 6d | 79 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 |t. In m|y experi|
|00000bd0| 65 6e 63 65 20 49 20 68 | 61 76 65 0a 6e 65 76 65 |ence I h|ave.neve|
|00000be0| 72 20 68 61 64 20 61 6e | 79 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 |r had an|y proble|
|00000bf0| 6d 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 | 61 20 22 73 68 6f 72 74 |m using |a "short|
|00000c00| 22 2c 20 62 75 74 20 49 | 20 68 61 76 65 20 6e 65 |", but I| have ne|
|00000c10| 76 65 72 20 62 65 65 6e | 0a 74 68 61 74 20 63 6c |ver been|.that cl|
|00000c20| 6f 73 65 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 77 69 74 63 |ose to t|he switc|
|00000c30| 68 20 65 69 74 68 65 72 | 2e 20 20 0a 0a 49 66 20 |h either|. ..If |
|00000c40| 79 6f 75 20 75 73 65 20 | 61 20 31 30 30 20 4f 68 |you use |a 100 Oh|
|00000c50| 6d 20 72 65 73 69 73 74 | 6f 72 2c 20 69 74 20 73 |m resist|or, it s|
|00000c60| 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 | 20 72 61 74 65 64 20 61 |hould be| rated a|
|00000c70| 74 20 6f 6e 65 2d 77 61 | 74 74 2e 0a 4f 6c 64 65 |t one-wa|tt..Olde|
|00000c80| 72 20 6d 6f 64 65 6d 73 | 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 |r modems| without|
|00000c90| 20 61 20 73 6f 6c 69 64 | 2d 73 74 61 74 65 20 63 | a solid|-state c|
|00000ca0| 75 72 72 65 6e 74 2d 73 | 69 6e 6b 20 67 65 6e 65 |urrent-s|ink gene|
|00000cb0| 72 61 6c 6c 79 0a 75 73 | 65 64 20 61 20 34 37 20 |rally.us|ed a 47 |
|00000cc0| 4f 68 6d 2c 20 32 20 57 | 61 74 74 20 72 65 73 69 |Ohm, 2 W|att resi|
|00000cd0| 73 74 6f 72 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 69 72 20 44 41 |stor in |their DA|
|00000ce0| 41 2e 20 20 4e 65 77 65 | 72 20 6d 6f 64 65 6d 73 |A. Newe|r modems|
|00000cf0| 0a 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 | 74 72 61 6e 73 69 73 74 |.have a |transist|
|00000d00| 6f 72 20 63 75 72 72 65 | 6e 74 2d 73 69 6e 6b 20 |or curre|nt-sink |
|00000d10| 73 65 74 20 61 74 20 32 | 35 2d 33 35 20 6d 41 2e |set at 2|5-35 mA.|
|00000d20| 20 20 0a 0a 53 6f 6d 65 | 20 63 68 65 61 70 20 50 | ..Some| cheap P|
|00000d30| 42 58 27 73 20 61 70 70 | 61 72 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 |BX's app|arently |
|00000d40| 75 6e 64 65 72 2d 73 69 | 7a 65 20 70 6f 77 65 72 |under-si|ze power|
|00000d50| 20 72 61 74 69 6e 67 20 | 6f 66 0a 74 68 65 20 63 | rating |of.the c|
|00000d60| 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 73 | 69 6e 6b 20 69 6e 20 74 |urrent s|ink in t|
|00000d70| 68 65 69 72 20 74 72 75 | 6e 6b 20 63 61 72 64 73 |heir tru|nk cards|
|00000d80| 2e 20 20 4d 69 6b 65 20 | 53 61 6e 64 6d 61 6e 20 |. Mike |Sandman |
|00000d90| 64 65 76 6f 74 65 73 20 | 74 77 6f 0a 66 75 6c 6c |devotes |two.full|
|00000da0| 20 70 61 67 65 73 20 69 | 6e 20 68 69 73 20 63 61 | pages i|n his ca|
|00000db0| 74 61 6c 6f 67 20 74 6f | 20 6c 6f 6f 70 20 63 75 |talog to| loop cu|
|00000dc0| 72 72 65 6e 74 20 6c 69 | 6d 69 74 69 6e 67 20 64 |rrent li|miting d|
|00000dd0| 65 76 69 63 65 73 2e 0a | 48 65 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 |evices..|He would|
|00000de0| 6e 27 74 20 62 65 20 73 | 65 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 74 |n't be s|elling t|
|00000df0| 68 65 73 65 20 74 68 69 | 6e 67 73 20 69 66 20 70 |hese thi|ngs if p|
|00000e00| 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 77 65 | 72 65 6e 27 74 20 74 6f |eople we|ren't to|
|00000e10| 61 73 74 69 6e 67 0a 74 | 68 65 69 72 20 74 72 75 |asting.t|heir tru|
|00000e20| 6e 6b 20 63 61 72 64 73 | 2e 0a 0a 2d 2d 20 20 4c |nk cards|...-- L|
|00000e30| 65 73 20 52 65 65 76 65 | 73 20 20 2d 2d 20 20 6c |es Reeve|s -- l|
|00000e40| 72 65 65 76 65 73 40 63 | 72 6c 2e 63 6f 6d 20 20 |reeves@c|rl.com |
|00000e50| 3c 6f 72 3e 20 6c 72 65 | 65 76 65 73 40 61 6d 65 |<or> lre|eves@ame|
|00000e60| 72 69 63 61 2e 6e 65 74 | 20 20 2d 2d 0a 2d 2d 20 |rica.net| --.-- |
|00000e70| 20 50 2e 4f 2e 20 42 6f | 78 20 37 38 30 37 2c 20 | P.O. Bo|x 7807, |
|00000e80| 41 74 6c 61 6e 74 61 2c | 20 47 41 20 33 30 33 35 |Atlanta,| GA 3035|
|00000e90| 37 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 34 30 34 2e 38 38 31 |7 | 404.881|
|00000ea0| 2e 38 32 37 39 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 2d 2d 0a 0a |.8279 | --..|
|00000eb0| 0a | |. | |
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